A Conversation Analysis on Interview with Prime Minister Julia Gillard in Sky News Australia Channel

The aims of this research are to identify and analyze how the aspects of conversational interactions are realized in the conversation. In collecting and analyzing the data, the researcher uses documentation method and qualitative content analysis. The utterances which used by the interviewer and interviewees are as the data of this research, while the video of the interview which downloaded from Youtube with 29:44 minutes is as the source of data in this research. The data are analyzed by using Paltridge theory. This research results are, five aspects of conversational interactions are used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) such as, Opening Conversation, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking and Closing Conversation, while the interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair. However, five of seven aspects are used by the interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard) such as, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking, Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation. Thus, all of seven aspects of conversational interactions are used with different realization. The realization of those aspects of conversational interactions used by the interviewer and interviewees are different. The interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation. Eka Yanualifa Telomensi Sitepu et al. 442 JELTL (Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics), 5(3), 2020

Kelly as the Editor-At-Large The Australian) as the interviewee, and the second guest (Julia Gillard as the Prime Minister of Australia) as the interviewee. Based on the video, the interviewees are more frequently done the communication than the interviewer.
There are three participants in the conversation, thus, all of the participants are as the subjects of this research. However, in the research process, listening the utterances used by the interviewer and interviewees is the problem which faced by the researcher. Despite of things happened, the subtitle of the video then activated by the researcher in order to help the researcher get the utterances of the interviewer and interviewees clearly.
The researcher found some previous research which related to this research. The first, previous research conducted by Olutayo and Omolara Grace (2013) focused on investigate the determinants of turn-taking patterns in Nigerian Television talk show. It analyzed four episodes with varieties of subject matters were selected from each show and they were numbered accordingly. The second, the research is analyzed by Najib (2019) which focused on the membership categorization used by gender categories in order to explore the realization in mundane conversation. The third, conducted by Yolannisa (2019) investigated the use of adjacency pairs between Ellen and Bill Gates in Ellen De'Generes' Talk Show. The fourth, is analyzed by Barus (2017) focused on the speech acts in police investigative interviews. The utterances which used by the interviewer and interviewees were analyzed by using Searle's theory. The fifth, Hidayat (2019) investigated the use of conversation analysis in casual conversation. The researcher analyzed the conversation between a husband and a wife in Australia regarding a birthday party preparation. The transcription of the conversation are transcribed into English by using conversation analysis convention that proposed by Cook and Bailey. The sixth, the research conducted by Iswara (2019) focused on analyze the Adjacency Pair Patterns in Spoken Interaction of Roundtable Discussion with Susi Pudjiastuti.
Contrast to the researchers, all of the seven aspects of conversational interactions proposed by Paltridge (2012) theory are analyzed by applying qualitative content analysis to analyze the data, where all of the participants the video of the Interview with Prime Minister Julia Gillard as the subjects. The result research found the different realization is realized in applying those aspects of conversational interactions which used by the interviewer and interviewees. While, in the previous researchers did not analyze all of seven aspects of conversational interactions. So, this research is conducted in order to identify and analyze the seven aspects of conversational interaction which used by the interviewer and interviewees.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Opening conversation means the speaker starts the conversation by saying the greeting, such as "hi, hello, good morning, etc" to another speaker in order to start the conversation. The utterance which used by the speaker depends on the background of the other speaker, such as the age, gender, and also based on the situation which is formal or informal situation.
Then, in doing conversation there is a turn which used by the speakers. The turn will be changed if the speaker gives the next turn to another speaker, it could be by giving or without giving nomination. Turn changed by giving nomination means the speaker gives the next turn by giving a question to another speaker in order to answer the question. While, turn changed by without giving nomination means the speaker gives the next turn by giving the statement or opinion about something. In turn taking, the speaker can end the turn by giving the signal such as 'mmm' or 'anyway', and also it might be signaled through eye contact, body position and voice pitch. Paltridge (2012:97) revealed that adjacency pair is a key way to communicate and interpret meaning in conversation. The utterances which used by two speakers in the same way that the next utterance indicated as related to the previous one as an expected follow-up to the utterance. In this aspect, the speaker can ask the request or assessment to another speaker which another speaker can respond it by expressing the acceptance or refusal.
In conversation, preference organization which the response to another speakers, it depends on speakers. The response could be preferred or dispreferred (Paltridge, 2000:90). In preferred response which used by the second pair part such as, accceptance, agreement, expected answer. Contrast to the previous response, Dispreferred response such as Refusal, Disagreement, Unexpected answer or non-answer, and blame admission.
Another aspect in conversational interactions is Feedback. Feedback means the listeners express their attention to the speaker by using the response tokens, such as 'mmm' and 'yeah', and the listeners also can paraphrase the utterance that the speaker has said or through eye contact or body position.
Contrast to the previous aspect, Repair is the way of the speakers correct the words of they or someone else has said. Repair shows how the speaker and listener deal with the problems in speaking, hearing or understanding of what they have said. Paltridge (2012:101) classifies Repair into two parts, such as Self-Repair and Other Repair. Self-repair means the correction of the words corrected by the speaker or someone who have said the words. While Other repair refers to another speaker or listener gives the correction of what someone else has said. It indicated by the utterance "I mean".
The last aspect of conversational interactions is Closing Conversation. Closing conversation means the speaker would like to end the conversation by saying 'bye-bye' and 'goodbye'. The pre-sequence could be used in closing the conversation, such as making an arrangement, good wishes, etc.
While, as the source of the data in this research, the video is broadcast from Sky News Australia Channel. Sky News Australia is an Australian 24-hour cable and satellite news channel available on the Foxtel and Optus Television subscription platforms. It is also available in New Zealand on Sky Television and Vodafone. While Agenda is the name given to a series of Australian television news and commentary programs, broadcast on Sky News Australia throughout the week. The Agenda series of bulletins serve as the channel's flagship program. The series focuses on mainly political topics, and in each episode the host usually interviews a guest, and is then usually joined by either Sky News contributors or politicians from opposing sides of politics debating the issues of the day.

RESEARCH METHODS
Qualitative descriptive method was applied in this research. The goals of this research are to identify and analyze the aspects of conversational interactions in the conversation. The utterances which used by the interviewer and interviewees are transcribed and analyzed in order to classify the utterances as their functions.

Data and Source of Data
The utterances which used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) and interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard) are as the data of this research which transcribed and analyzed in order to classify the utterances as their function by using Conversation Analysis theory that proposed by Paltridge. While, the video which downloaded from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N456VbijM4c with English subtitle which is published on August 20 th 2012, with 29:44 minutes was as the source of data in this research.

Participants
In this research, the participants are the interviewer and the interviewees in the conversation. There are three people in this conversation, such as the interviewer (Peter Vanillin), the interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard). Thus, all of the participants are as the subject in this research.

Instruments
The data are collected by using documentation method. Documentation method is legally documented data on the Sky News Australia Channel made as evidence of this research. Thus, the instruments to collect the data which used by the researcher such as, first, the researcher downloaded the video from Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N456VbijM4c. Second, listened and transcribed the data interview into a written form. Third, read the utterances of the conversation carefully. Fourth, selected them which based on the aspects of conversational interactions, and the last step is, found the conversation aspects of conversational interactions of the utterances used by the interviewer and interviewees.

Data Analysis
Qualitative content analysis proposed by Patton (2002) is used in this research. The researcher applied some steps, such as prepared the data, defined the unit of analysis, coded all texts and drew a conclusion. All these activities were involved in the process of this research.
The conversation was analyzed according to these steps of qualitative content analysis (Patton, 2002:112), first, the researcher prepared the data. In this step, the video of Sky News Australia Channel's conversation was transformed into written text (interview transcription). Second, the researcher defined the unit of analysis. In this step, the utterances of the interviewer and interviewees which contains aspects of conversational interactions are identified based on the theory of Conversation Analysis that proposed by Paltridge. Third, the researcher developed categories and coding scheme. In this step, the utterances which have been identified then coded into specified classification of aspects of conversational interactions. Such as; Opening Conversation was coded OP, Adjacency Pairs was coded AP, Preference Organization was coded PO, Turn Taking was coded TT, Feedback was coded F, Repair was coded R, and Closing Conversation was coded CC. Fourth, Coding all texts, in this step, the researcher coded all of the aspects of conversational interactions found in the conversation. The data are numbered, written in Italic, the data are given the difference between the interviewer and interviewee by giving the IR and IE codes, data and descriptive quotations are displayed in the conversation. And the last step, the researcher drew the conclusion from the coded data. After coding all the texts, the conclusions were drawn to answer the research questions. To answer the research problems, the researcher combined the answers in the form of paragraphs.

FINDINGS
The research results are, the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) used five aspects of conversational interactions such as, Opening Conversation, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking and Closing Conversation, while the interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair aspects. However, five of seven aspects are used by the interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard) such as, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking, Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation aspects. It can be seen that, all of seven aspects of conversational interactions are used with different realization. The realization of those aspects of conversational interactions used by the interviewer and interviewees are different. It shows that the interviewer does not use Feedback and Repair aspects, while the interviewees do not use Opening and Closing Conversation aspects.

Adjacency Pairs
In this aspect, the speaker can ask the request or assessment to another speaker which another speaker responds it by expressing the acceptance or refusal. In this conversation, the adjacency pair is used by the interviewer and interviewees. The results can be seen as follow: It showed that the kinds of adjacency pairs are occurred in conversation between interviewer and interviewees. The Requesting -Agreement occurred 4 times with 22.2%, Assessment -Agreement occurred 2 times with 11.1%, Question -Answer occurred 10 times with 55.5 %, and Blame -Denial occurred 2 times with 11.1% from all pairs and it applied by the interviewer and interviewees throughout the conversation.

Requesting -Agreement
Requesting means the expression which used by the speaker to ask someone to do something or what the speaker said which can be responded by accepting or refusing the request. Excerpt 17-18; PK : I am asking you. JG : Yeah, and I'm gonna answer your question Paul. People will obviously do comparisons between aspects of this policy and aspects of the policy of the former government.
The utterance I am asking you expressed by PK is indicated by requesting expression. While the utterance I'm gonna answer your question Paul expressed by JG is indicated by agreement expression. There is a reason why the interviewee Paul Kelly used the Requesting expression because of the unclear response and information of JG of his question. Before PK asked the request, he asked a question to JG directly by saying Is it fair to say that your policy is now a tougher policy than John Howard's previous Pacific Solution?, then JG responded it People will do all of this. It means that PK would like to know the response of JG clearly about JG's policy but her responds still unclear. Thus, PK gave the response by saying I am asking you, then JG responded it by agreement expression that indicated by the words I'm gonna answer your question Paul. It means that JG agreed to answer his question and JG knew that her answer of the previous question was still unclear.
The utterance that PK expressed is indicated by Requesting expression because of the utterance I am asking you it means that PK would like to ask JG to answer it based on her thought as the Prime Minister, then JG used the agreement expression that indicated by the utterance I'm gonna answer your question Paul it means that JG would like to answer PK's question clearer. Therefore, the interviewees used Requesting -Agreement throughout the conversation.

Turn Taking
In turn taking, there will not be a dominant speaker in conversation because it gives an opportunity for speakers to do conversation systematically. It may make a simultaneous conversation if the first speaker expresses something which is then followed by another speaker. Turn taking classified into two parts, such as, the turns changed by giving nomination and the turns changed without giving nomination. The result of the analysis of turn taking can be seen in the table below: It can be seen that the interviewee (Julia Gillard) is the most frequently applied turn taking throughout the conversation with 37 turns (47.4%), while the interviewee (Paul Kelly) had 27 turns (34.6%) and the interviewer Peter Vanillin had 14 turns (17.9%). So, the total of turn taking used by the interviewer and interviewees were 78 turns throughout the conversation.

The turns changed by giving nomination
The turns changed by giving nomination means the speaker gives the next turn by giving the question and it will be answered by giving the opinion or statement. It can be seen in this following excerpt: Excerpt 37-38; PK finished his turn by asking, "Is that correct or not?" PK hoped that JG would give the response of PK's question. So, JG started her turn by answering PK's question. In this excerpt, PK used the turn changed by giving nomination that indicated by giving the question to JG. Therefore, turns by giving nomination is used by the interviewee (Paul Kelly).

Preference Organization
Preference organization is the aspect of conversational interactions which give the freedom to the speaker or it depends on the speaker to give their response which could be preferred or dispreferred. Preference organization not only become one of the important things when the speaker wants to respond it with agree or disagree what are the speaker opinions, but it could be the speakers can organize their utterance of what they have said if accept or refusal a question.
There were 20 preference organizations found in the conversation. The results can be seen as follow: It can be seen that there were preferred and dispreferred response of conversation occurred in the conversation. The Requesting -Acceptance occurred 4 times, Assessment -Agreement occurred 2 times, while, Assessment -Disagreement occurred 1 time, Question -Expected Answer occurred 10 times, while, Question -Unexpected Answer occurred 1 time, and Blame -Denial occurred 2 times which applied by the interviewer and interviewees.

Assessment -Disagreement
Assessment means an opinion or comment which utters by someone in order to asking someone's opinion and can be response by giving agreement or disagreement expression. Excerpt 23-24; PV : The Prime Minister, a best-case scenario here if this does work is that we're going to have at least a few hundred people locked up indefinitely possibly for years in row costing taxpayers an awful lot of money and seventy to ninety percent of those people judging on estimates over the last decade are going to be genuine refugees but they're going to be sort of held in detention despite all the psychological issues and all the mental health issues that whole range of labour politicians talked about during the how it is, that is going to be a best-case scenario a worst-case scenario is the boats keep coming and people keep drowning.

JG
: Well, Peter. I'm going to disagree with you on aspects of that sentence, the Houston Panel is not saying that, that people should be on the room of PNG indefinitely no one is saying that, they're saying look to the times for resettlement if people hadn't moved. Second, when you use the terminology "locked up" we are obviously working particularly with Naru for arrangements where people will have some freedom of movement, so that they can move around. Yes, this is though policy and I understand for many people, that it's hard for them that it's emotionally hard for them. I've seen that written on the faces of some of my labour colleagues and let's be fair. There are some parts of the Liberal Party too that were anxious in the days of John Howard's policy and I suspect have some a heaviness of heart about aspects of the Huston report. But our aim here is to stop people risking their lives at sea and too often losing that bet when they get on a boat and actually drowning at sea but some of them we know about some of them we don't even know when boats have gone down.
It can be seen that the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) gave an assessment which indicated by the utterance"The Prime Minister, a best-case scenario here if this does work is that we're going to have at least a few hundred people locked up indefinitely possibly for years in row costing taxpayers an awful lot of money and seventy to ninety percent of those people judging on estimates over the last decade are going to be genuine refugees", while JG responded it with disagreement expression that indicated by the utterance "Well, Peter. I'm going to disagree with you on aspects of that sentence". On the other hand, the interviewee (Julia Gillard) used dispreferred response by disagreeing the assessment. Therefore, the interviewer and interviewee used Assessment -Disagreement throughout the conversation.

Feedback
Feedback means the attention which express by the listeners by using 'response token' such as 'mmm', 'yeah', and 'OK', and it also can be by paraphrasing the utterance which the speaker has said or through eye contact or body position. Feedback found in some excerpts in this conversation, such as in Excerpt 18, 29, 31, 32, 5, and 6 throughout the conversation. Excerpt 18; JG : Yeah, and I'm gonna answer your question Paul. People will obviously do comparisons between aspects of this policy and aspects of the policy of the former government.
It can be seen that Feedback is used by the interviewees (Julia Gillard) and (Paul Kelly) in responding the question and statement. It indicated by the words Yeah, Okay, Hmm. It means that there are three expressions that the interviewees used. The interviewee (Julia Gillard) expressed Yeah and Hmm, while Paul Kelly expressed Okay throughout the conversation.

Repair 4.5.1 Self-Repair
Self-repair is the way of the speaker correct things she or he has said, and check what she or he has understood in a conversation. It was found in excerpt 21, 38 and 54. Excerpt 21;

PK
: But what about circumscribing the authority of the High Court when it comes to scrutinizing this. I mean that's the accusation, the accusation from the human rights lawyers is that this legislation is too tough and that it limits the capacity of the High Court to judge this in human rights terms. What's your response to that particular point? From the excerpt above, it can be seen that Self-Repair is used by the interviewee (Paul Kelly). It indicated by the utterance I Mean. It means that the interviewee realized that the words was still incorrect, thus the interviewee repaired the words by himself. Therefore, Self-Repair is used by the interviewee.

Opening Conversation
Opening conversation means the speaker starts the conversation by saying the greeting, such as "hi, hello, good morning, etc" to another speaker in order to start the conversation. The utterance which used by the speaker depends on the background of the other speaker, such as the age, gender, and also based on the situation which is formal or informal situation. It found that only the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) used Opening and Closing Conversation throughout this conversation. It can be seen in the excerpt below: Excerpt 1; PV : Hello and welcome to Australian Agenda. I'm Peter Vanillin, thanks very much for your company the Prime Minister there speaking on the agreement of sorts in terms of dealing with offshore processing that was reached. In the first week of Parliament returning after the winter recess. Our special guest today is the Prime Minister Julia Gillard joining us live in the studio and a little bit later in the program, we'll be speaking to the manager of position business Christopher Pyne joining us out of Adelaide. Let me start by welcome to the program as I do each week editor-at-large at the Australian Paul Kelly, thanks for coming. All boats has been the big issue of the week. Where are we on this issue?
It can be seen that Opening Conversation is used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin). It indicated by the utterance "Hello and welcome to Australian Agenda". "Hello" is one of the expressions of opening conversation. Thus, the interviewer used Opening Conversation throughout the conversation.

Closing Conversation
Closing conversation means the speakers express the utterance in order to end the conversation. In other word, someone would like to end the conversation by saying the parting words to another speaker. It could be seen in this following excerpt: Excerpt 77; PV : Prime Ministry, Julia Gillard, you've been very generous with your time. We appreciate your joining us on Australia Agenda. Thank you.
It can be seen that Closing Conversation is used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) when closing the interview or conversation. It indicated by the utterances "you've been very generous with your time. We appreciate your joining us on Australia Agenda. Thank you". It means that the interviewer would like to end the conversation. Thus, the interviewer used closing conversation.

DISCUSSION
Every people do the communication, because they have to do the social interaction with others. Thus, the analyst of the conversation must be able to analyze the aspects of conversation used by the speakers. The unusual conversation was found in this research, which means the interviewees more frequently done the communication than the interviewer.
Other than that, the application of the aspects of conversational interactions especially in turn taking type of the interviewer was less than the interviewees.
The researcher found some previous research which related to this research. The first, previous research conducted by Olutayo and Omolara Grace (2013) focused on investigate the determinants of turn-taking patterns in Nigerian Television talk show. It analyzed four episodes with varieties of subject matters were selected from each show and they were numbered accordingly. Recorded episodes were played several times to identify the determinants. The topics are; the studio audience, the duration of the programme, discourse topic, gender, culture.
The second, the research is analyzed by Najib (2019) which focused on the membership categorization used by gender categories in order to explore the realization in mundane conversation. The result of this research is the pragmatic action is applied by the gender categorization in doing interaction.
The third, conducted by Yolannisa (2019) investigated the use of adjacency pairs between Ellen and Bill Gates in Ellen De'Generes' Talk Show. In this research, the researcher found some data which have 5 pre-sequence and 2 insertion sequences. This research used the Conversation Analysis theory that proposed by Paltridge.
The fourth, is analyzed by Barus (2017) focused on the speech acts in police investigative interviews. The utterances which used by the interviewer and interviewees were analyzed by using Searle's theory. It found that the most dominant type applied in this conversation is representative speech act.
The fifth, Hidayat (2019) investigated the use of conversation analysis in casual conversation. The researcher analyzed the conversation between a husband and a wife in Australia regarding a birthday party preparation. The transcription of the conversation are transcribed into English by using conversation analysis convention that proposed by Cook and Bailey. It found that Conversation Analysis contributes to language teaching in authentic spoken interaction.
The sixth, the research conducted by Iswara (2019) focused on analyze the Adjacency Pair Patterns in Spoken Interaction of Roundtable Discussion with Susi Pudjiastuti. It found that the Minister Susi applied many interruptions and there is the effect of the power and status relation which had by her is more dominant. This research used Paltridge theory to analyze the data.
Comparing to this research, all of the seven aspects of conversational interactions proposed by Paltridge (2012) theory are analyzed by applying qualitative content analysis to analyze the data, where all of the participants the video of the Interview with Prime Minister Julia Gillard as the subjects and the result research found the different realization is realized in applying those aspects of conversational interactions which used by the interviewer and interviewees. While, in the previous researchers did not analyze all of seven aspects of conversational interactions. So, this research is conducted in order to identify and analyze the seven aspects of conversational interaction which used by the interviewer and interviewees.
The aspects of conversational interactions are used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin) in asking and giving the response to the questions or statements of the interviewees. The interviewer (Peter Vanillin) used five aspects of conversational interactions. First, he used Opening Conversation to welcome the guest as the interviewee. In other word, Opening Conversation occurred once which used by the interviewer. Second, Adjacency Pairs is used in order to ask and give the response to the interviewees including Requesting, Question and Blame. It occurred four times and it is because of the interviewer would like to seek the information and ask the current issues to the interviewees. Third, the interviewer used fourteen times in turn taking. It is used in order to give the opinion and ask the questions to the interviewees. Meanwhile, there are two kinds of turn taking, such as the turn changed by giving nomination which means the speaker gives the question to another speaker, and the turn changed without nomination which means the speaker uses the opinion or statement in order to give the next turn to another speaker. Fourth, Preference Organization is employed by giving and responding the interviewees which occurred two times in the conversation. Fifth, Closing Conversation aspect is used once by the interviewer and also as the host of the program. It is employed by the interviewer in order to end the conversation. Based on the explanation above, it shows that, the interviewer did not use Feedback and Repair aspects in the conversation. Those aspects are not used by the interviewer because there were not the utterances asked by the interviewees to the interviewer to use those aspects. Therefore, Peter Vanillin used five aspects of conversational interactions.
The second participant as the interviewee (Paul Kelly) used five aspects in conversation. First, Paul Kelly used Adjacency Pairs in giving and responding the questions including Requesting, Question and Blame. It occurred sixteen times. Second, there are twenty-seven turn taking which used by the interviewee. Third, Preference Organization is employed in order to give and respond the interviewer and another interviewee. This aspect occurred once in the conversation. Fourth, the interviewee used Feedback and it occurred four times. It indicated by the word hmm or yeah. Fifth, Self-Repair occurred once which means that Paul Kelly realized to change the utterance into the correct form by himself. Based on the explanation previously, the interviewee (Paul Kelly) did not use Opening and Closing Conversation aspects because those aspects only used by the host of the program in order to open and close the conversation. Hence, five aspects of conversational interactions are used.
Similar with Paul Kelly, the interviewee (Julia Gillard) used five aspects in conversation. First, Julia Gillard used Adjacency Pairs such as Requesting, Question and Blame and this aspect occurred sixteen times. Second, Julia Gillard applied thirty seven turn taking in doing the interaction with the interviewer and another interviewee. Third, Preference Organization is used by giving and responding the interviewer and interviewee, and it occurred three times. Fourth, Julia Gillard used Feedback aspect which indicated by the utterance hmm, yeah, and OK. This aspect occurred two times. Fifth, Self-Repair is used which means that Julia Gillard realized to change the utterances into the correct form and it repaired by herself. Therefore, Julia Gillard used five aspects of conversational interactions.

CONCLUSION
Based on findings of this research, there are two conclusions that can be drawn in this research. First, the aspects of conversational interactions are used by the interviewer (Peter Vanillin), Opening Conversation, Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking and Closing Conversation are used, while, the interviewer did not use Feedback and Repair aspects in doing the communication to the interviewees. However, the interviewees (Paul Kelly and Julia Gillard) used Adjacency Pairs, Preference Organization, Turn Taking, Feedback and Repair, while, the interviewees did not use Opening and Closing Conversation aspects.
Thus, based on the exposure above, it can be seen that all of seven aspects of conversational interactions are used with different realization. The second result is the realization of those aspects of conversational interactions by the interviewer and interviewees are different. The interviewer did not use the Feedback and Repair, while the interviewees did not use the Opening and Closing Conversation. There were several reasons why the interviewer and interviewees did not use those aspects, such as those aspects did not used by the interviewer because there were not the utterances asked by the interviewees to the interviewer to express those aspects, while those aspects did not used by the interviewees because those are used by the host of the program in order to open and close the program of the interview.