Investigating the Digital Citizenship Levels of ELT Students within the Scope of Remote Learning

Müfit Şenel

Abstract


It is obvious that using the Internet and technological tools became a ‘must’ throughout the Covid-19 pandemic period. All students and teachers started to use all those tools intensively both in their lessons and at their homes, and this process led to the digitalization of the classrooms and courses. Therefore, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and remote learning spread to all aspects of our lives and led to the emergence of a new concept, namely ‘Digital Citizenship’, making it significant to comprehend where students’ digital competence levels are. In line with this, the objective of this research was to investigate the digital citizenship levels of the participants and how much they are knowledgeable about being conscious digital citizens. Totally, 196 students from an ELT department of a state university in Turkey participated in the study. The study was carried out with a quantitative research method in the 2021-2022 spring semester, and data were collected through the 5-point Likert type “Digital Citizenship Scale”. Responses were evaluated by SPSS v26 statistical package program and based on the findings, it was indicated that almost all dimensions of digital citizenship were met by the participants. Since there was almost no statistically significant in terms of gender, age, and grade variables, the highest dimensions were found at digital commerce and digital responsibility levels.  This current study will pay the way for educators, instructors, curriculum designers, and materials developers to review, redesign and reevaluate the existing language teaching programs. Students will also be aware of their weaknesses and strengths about digital citizenship and realize the significance of the concept of digital citizenship.


Keywords


ELT, digital citizenship, remote learning

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdalrhman AlZebidi, A., & Saleh Alsuhaymi, D. (2021). Investigating students’ digital citizenship practices for undergraduate students at Al-Qunfudhah University College. İlköğretim Online-Elementary Education Online. 20(5), 2089-2104. htpps://dx.doi.org/ 10.17051/ilkonline.2021.05.230

Akcil, U., Altinay, Z., & Altinay, F. (2016). Assessing the effects of managers in the digital age on the management process of digital citizenship roles. The Anthropologist,23(1-2),209-217. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11891943.

Al-Abdullatif, A. M., & Gameil, A. A. (2020). Exploring students’ knowledge and practice of digital citizenship in higher education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(19), 122-142. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i19.15611

Alberta Education (2012). Alberta education cataloging in publication data, digital citizenship policy development guide. Alberta: School Technology Branch. Retrieved from

https://education.alberta.ca/media/3227621/digital-citizenship-policy-development-guide.pdf

Al Raqqad, H. K. (2020). The impact of social networking on enhancing digital citizenship among Princess Alia College, Al- Balqa’a University students. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(5), 53-65. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0087

Arcagök, S. (2020). Investigation on teachers’ perceptions of digital citizenship. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Education, 17(1), 534-556. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yyuefd/issue/51176/693832

Arif, R. (2016). Internet as a hope or a hoax for emerging democracies: Revisiting the concept of citizenship in the digital age. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, (236), 4-8.

Aslan, S. (2016). İlköğretim sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık davranışlarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Fırat, Dicle, Siirt, Adıyaman Üniversiteleri örneği) Digital citizenship behaviour of social studies teachers of primary investigation of some variables) (The sample of Fırat, Dicle, Siirt, Adıyaman Universities) (Master’s thesis). Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.

Ata, R., & Yıldırım, K. (2019). Turkish pre-service teachers’ perceptions of digital citizenship in education programs. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 18, 419-438. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4392

Aygün, M. (2019). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin ve sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık durumlarının incelenmesi (Examination of in-service and pre-service social studies teachers’ digital citizenship) (Master’s thesis). Yıldız Teknik University, İstanbul, Turkey.

Aygun, M., & Ilhan, G. O. (2020). Analysis of in-service and pre-service social studies teachers’ digital citizenship. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(4), 123-146. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2020.04.009

Başarmak, U., Yakar, H., & Kuş, Z. (2019). Analysis of digital citizenship subject contents of secondary education curricula. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI).10(1), 26-51.

Choi, M. (2016) A concept analysis of digital citizenship for democratic citizenship education in the internet age. Theory & Research in Social Education,44(4), 565-607. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1210549

Çebi, A., & Özdemir, T. B. (2019). The role of digital nativity and digital citizenship in predicting high school students’ online information searching strategies. Education and Science, 200(44), 47- 57. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.8379

Çepni, O., Oğuz, S., & Kıcan, B. (2014). Primary school students’ views of digital citizenship. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 18(3), 251-266. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tsadergisi/issue/21495/230453

Çubukçu, A., & Bayzan, Ş. (2013). Perception of digital citizenship in Turkey and methods ofincreasing this perception by using the internet conscious, safe and effective. Middle Eastern &African Journal of Educational Research, 5, 148-174. Retrieved from https://www.guvenliweb.org.tr/dosya/WRQDG.pdf

Dedebali, N. C., & Daşdemir, İ. (2019). Social studies teacher candidates’ perception of digital citizenship. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(3), 465-477. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.3.465

Dere, İ., & Yavuzay, M. (2019). Examination of prospective social studies teachers through digital citizenship indicators. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 8(3), 2400-2414. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.33206/mjss.537592

Elçiçek, M., Erdemci, H., & Karal, H. (2018). Examining the relationship between the levels of digital citizenship and social presence for the graduate students having online education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education.19(1), 203-214.

Elmalı, F., Tekin, A., & Polat, E. (2020). A study on digital citizenship: Preschool teacher candidates vs. computer education and instructional technology teacher candidates. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(4), 251-269. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.17718/tojde.803423

Emejulu, A., & McGregor, C. (2019). Towards radical digital citizenship in digital education. Critical Studies in Education. 60, 131–147. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2016.1234494

Gorman, G. (2015). What’s missing in the digital world? Access, digital literacy and digital citizenship. Online Information Review, 39(2). Recuperado de https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/OIR-02-2015-0053

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Education (2013). Teaching digital citizenship. Retrieved from https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/files/k12_safeandcaring_procedure_5.pdf

Görgün Baran, O. Hazer, & S. Öztürk (Eds.) Gençlik ve dijital çağ [Youth and the digital age] (pp. 124-138). Ankara: Hacettepe University Gençlik Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Merkezi.

Görmez, E. (2017a). The level of the teachers about the "digital citizenship and its subdimensions" (Van city sample). Academic Sight International Refereed Online Journal, 60, 52-74. Retrieved from https://www.akademikbakis.org/file/60.pdf

Hollandsworth, R., Dowdy, L., & Donovan, J. (2011). Digital citizenship in K-12: It takes a village. TechTrends, 55(4), 37–47. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-011-0510-z

Impero Software & Digital Citizenship Institute (2016). Digital citizenship: A holistic primer. Digital Citizenship Summit 2016 in San Francisco. Retrieved from https://www.imperosoftware.com/us/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2017/03/DigitalCitizenship-AHolistic-Primer-v1.9.2.pdf

International Society for Technology in Education-ISTE. (2016). Digital citizenship defined: Teach the 9 elements to enhance students’ safety, creativity and empathy. Retrieved from https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/1818747/Images/Marketing%20Campaigns/Digital%20Citizenship/Digital_Citizenship_Downloadable_10-2016_v11_web.pdf

İridağ, A. (2020). Young people’s perception of digital citizenship. In Ö. Gökkaya, İ. Kılıcaslan, B. Demir, & K. Kahraman (Eds.), International Marmara Social Sciences Congress (IMASCON 2020 -Autumn) Proceedings Book (pp.121-133). Kocaeli, Turkey.

ISTE. (2008). Advancing digital age teaching. Retrieved from http://www.iste.org/docs/pdfs/nets-t-standards.pdf?sfvrsn=2

ISTE (2012). Digital age teaching. Retrieved from http://www.iste.org/standards/standards-for-teachers

ISTE (2016). ISTE standards for students. Retrieved from https://www.iste.org/standards/for-students

İşman, A., & Güngören, O.C. (2014). Being digital citizen. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,106, 551–556.

Jabeen, S. S., & Ahmad, F. (2021). Digital citizenship: Effective use of digital media. Edulearn. Conference Proceedings. 6041-6048.

Jwaifell, M. (2018). The proper use of technologies as a digital citizenship indicator: Undergraduate English language students at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University. World Journal of Education, 8(3),86-94. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n3p86

Kabataş, S. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık algılarının yaşam boyu öğrenme tutumları ve e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluğu açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of teacher candidates’ digital citizenship perceptions in terms of lifelong learning attitudes] (Master’s thesis). Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey.

Karakuş Yılmaz, T. (2020). Dijital haklar ve sorumluluklar [Digital rights and responsibilities]. In Ş. Sağıroğlu, H. İ. Bülbül, A. Kılıç, & M, Küçükali (Eds.), Dijital okuryazarlık: Araçlar, metodolojiler, uygulamalar ve öneriler (Digital literacy: Tools, methodologies, practices and recommendations) (pp. 127-180). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

Karimi Alavijeh, K., & Abdollahi, A. (2021). Awareness and incorporation of digital citizenship by the Iranian EFL learners and teachers. The Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances. 9(1), 33-63.

Kaya, A., & Kaya, B. (2014). Teacher candidates’ perceptions of digital citizenship. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 346-361. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i2.2917

Korucu, A. T., & Totan, H. N. (2019). Researching into a course of information technologies and software in the context of digital citizenship through student opinions. ParticipatoryEducational Research, 6(1), 84-97. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.17275/per.19.7.6.1

Landell, K. (1997). Management by Menu. Wiley dan Sons Inc.

Mahadir, N. B., Baharudin, N. H., & Ibrahim, N. N. (2021). Digital citizenship skills among undergraduate students in Malaysia: A preliminary study. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE). 10(3),835-844. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.21277

Martin, F., Hunt, B., Wang, C., & Brooks, E. (2020b). Middle school student perception of technology use and digital citizenship practices. Computers in the Schools, 37(3), 196-215. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2020.1795500

Milenkova, V., & Lendzhova, V. (2021). Digital citizenship and digital literacy in the conditions of social crisis. Computers. 10, 40. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10040040

Mohammed Al-Abdullatif, A., & Ali Gameil, A. (2020). Exploring students’ knowledge and practice of digital citizenship in Higher Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. 15(19), 122-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i19.15611

Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital citizenship – The Internet, Society & Participation. MIT Press.

Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C.J., & McNeal, R.S. (2008). Digital citizenship. MIT Press.

Naim Rahim, M., & Zare, A. (2021). A critical review of the impacts of digital citizenship on teachers and students’ educational development. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. 2(7), 557-564. https://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.07.03

Nazik, M. H., Demirel, H., & Bayraktar, A. (2020). Gençlerin dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri [Digital citizenship levels of young people and their cyberbullying trends]. In Gençlik ve Dijital Çağ, Baran Aylin Görgün, Hazer Oya, Öztürk M.Serhat (Eds). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, pp.124-138, 2020

Omar Eid Al-Momani, M., & Alsmadi, M. (2020). Students’ degree of possessing digital citizenship skills from their points of view at Al-Balqa Applied University. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 8(8), 3335-3345. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080805

Ortega-Gabriel, W. (2015). Ciudadanía digital: Entre la novedad del fenómeno y las limitaciones del concepto. Economía, sociedad y territorio, 15(49), 835-844.

Öztürk, C. (2019). 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki (The investigation of relation between digital citizenship levels and tendencies to cyberbullying of 8th grade students) (Master’s thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.

Pangrazio, L., & Sefton-Green, J. (2021). Digital Rights, Digital Citizenship and Digital Literacy: What’s the Difference? J. New Approaches Educ. 10, 15–27.

Ribble, M. (2008). Passport to digital citizenship journey toward appropriate technology use at school and at home. Learning & Leading with Technology, 36(4), 14-17. Retrieved from

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ904288.pdf

Ribble, M., & Bailey, G. (2007). Digital citizenship in schools. Washington: International Society for Technology in Education.

Ribble, M. (2004). Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(1), 6-11.

Ribble, M. S. (2006). Implementing digital citizenship in schools: The research, development and validation of a technology leader's guide (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).Kansas State University.

Ribble, M. (2009). Passport to digital citizenship: Journey toward appropriate technology use at school and at home. Learning & Leading with Technology, 36(4), 14-17.

Ribble, M. (2011). Digital citizenship in schools. International Society for Technology in Education,32(4), 34-47.

Ribble, M. (2012).Digital citizenship for educational change. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 48(4), 148-151.

Ribble, M. (2015). Digital citizenship in schools: Nine elements all students should know. International Society for Technology in Education.

Ribble, M. S., & Bailey, G. D. (2004). Monitoring technology misuse & abuse. THE Journal, 32(1), 22-25.

Ribble, M. S., & Bailey, G. D. (2005). Teaching digital citizenship: When will it become a priority for 21st-century schools? School Business Affairs, 71(3), 11-14.

Ribble, M. S., & Bailey, G. D. (2006). Digital citizenship at all grade levels. Learning and Leading with Technology, 33(6), 26.

Ribble, M. S., & Bailey, G. D. (n.d.). Do students need a technology driver’s license? Retrieved from http://twaterman.pbworks.com/f/TechDL2.pdf

Ribble, M. S., Bailey, G. D., & Ross, T. W. (2004). Digital citizenship: Addressing appropriate technology behavior. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32(1), 6-9.

Ribble, M., & Miller, T. N. (2013). Educational leadership in an online world: Connecting students to technology responsibly, safely, and ethically. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 17(1), 135-143.

Sağıroğlu, Ş., Bülbül, H. İ., Kılıç, A., & Küçükali, M. (2020). Dijital okuryazarlık ve ötesi [Digital literacy and beyond]. In Ş. Sağıroğlu, H. İ. Bülbül, A. Kılıç, & M, Küçükali (Eds.), Dijital okuryazarlık: Araçlar, metodolojiler, uygulamalar ve öneriler (Digital literacy: Tools, methodologies, practices and recommendations) (pp. 2-46). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

Salah Ghanem, M. (2021). Evaluating the digital citizenship level (An applied study on hotel employees in Alexandria). Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality (JAAUTH). 21(5), 193-217.

Sanabria, A. & Cepeda, O. (2016). La educación para la competencia digital en los centros escolares: la ciudadanía digital/Education for digital competence in schools: digital citizenship. Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa-RELATEC, 15(2), 95-112.

Saputra, M., & Siddiq, I. H. A. (2020). Social Media and Digital Citizenship: The Urgency of Digital Literacy in the Middle of a Disrupted Society Era. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(7), 156-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i07.13239

Sari, D. P., Sapriya, S., & Fitriasari, S. (2022). Analysis of students’ digital citizenship practices on distance learning activities during pandemic Covid-19. Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021). 507-513, https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220108.091

Sincar, M. (2011). An analysis of prospective teachers’ digital citizenship behavior norms. International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education. 1(2), 25-40. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcee.2011040103

Subiantoro, E., Cahya Nugraha, H., Kusuma Ratih, C., & Rhesky Nosyrafil, R. (2013). Simulasi Digital Jilid 1. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan & Kebudayaan. In B. Djokosumbogo Karyana &M. Iqbal (Eds.). Buku Siswa SMK/MAK Kelas X Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital Semester 1.

Sullivan, C. (2016). Digital citizenship and the right to digital identity under international law. Computer Law & Security Review, 32(3), 474-481.

Şimşek, E., & Şimşek, A. (2013). New literacies for digital citizenship. Contemporary Educational Technology, 4(2), 126-137.

Ünal, D. P. (2017). Digital citizenship elements in a curriculum and secondary school students’ states of having digital citizenship elements. Karaelmas Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 180-195. Retrieved from http://ebd.beun.edu.tr/index.php/KEBD/article/viewFile/119/155

Vural, S. S. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bakış açısıyla dijital vatandaşlık göstergelerinin incelenmesi (Investigation of digital citizenship indicators through university students’ perceptions) (Master’s thesis). Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.

Walters, M.G., Gee, D., & Mohammed, S. (2019). A literature review: Digital citizenship and the elementary educator. International Journal of Technology in Education (IJTE), 2(1), 1-21.

Xu, S., Yang, H. H., MacLeod, J., & Zhu, S. (2019). Social media competence and digital citizenship among college students. Convergence, 25(4), 735-752. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517751390

Yalçınkaya, B., & Cibaroğlu, M. O. (2019). Investigation of digital citizenship perception: An empirical evaluation. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal (BMIJ), 7(4), 1188-1208. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i4.1140

Yaman, F., Kabakçı Yurdakul, I., & Dönmez, O. (2020). Dijital vatandaşlıktan dijital ebeveynliğe dönüşüm [Transformation from digital citizenship to digital parenting]. In A. Görgün Baran, O. Hazer, & S. Öztürk (Eds.) Gençlik ve dijital çağ (Youth and the digital age) (pp. 165-180). Hacettepe University.

Yıldız, E. P., Çengel, M., & Alkan, A. (2020). Determination of digital citizenship levels of university students at Sakarya University Turkey. International Journal of Higher Education. 9(3), 300-308.

Yılmaz, M., & Doğusoy, B. (2020). Determination of the digital citizenship levels of prospective teachers. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(6), 2362-2375. htpps://dx.doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.692492




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v7i2.845

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.






JELTL (Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics); Web: www.jeltl.org; Email: journal.eltl@gmail.com


Creative Commons License
JELTL by http://www.jeltl.org is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License


Indexed and Abstracted BY: